Niko cousin lets go bowling, Костина Екатерина Алексеевна
Настолько мелок этот Дарко, что его убийство не изменит ничего: не вернет товарищей, не даже не отомстит его Дарко уже отплатил своим жалким существованием. Zom-Bear 25 июля в Я так и думал But people hated their new homes.
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Power Coins Super Mr. Virtual insanity. U sensor U-boat U. Yandex golf Yankee Go Home! Zombie Horde!! Rss Feeds. Arcade Stats. Featured Games. The ground on which Oxford is built is actually a peninsula, there are rivers in the west and south. The Isis, a branch of the Thames, flows through the heart of the town and is joined by the River Cherwell. Both rivers provide marvelous opportunities for punting, boating, fishing and riverside walks.
Punting as sport is taken very seriously by many undergraduates and there is big competition between college crews. There are annual contests on the Thames with Cambridge.
Put the sentences in the correct order. Translate the sentences from Russian into English. Оксфорд — очень старый город. Он известен во всем мире своим университетом. Университет был основан в году. Сейчас в университете 39 колледжей. Они все расположены в прекрасных зданиях. Многие выдающиеся люди учились в Оксфорде. Но Оксфорд — не только центр образования и исторический город. Он также один из красивейших городов. Христофор Рен и Николас Хоксмур представили в нем все архитектурные периоды.
Are there words of French origin in the text? Point them out. Tell about Oxford. Make a report about a town city in Great Britain. Present it as a school lesson. Study the words.
Read the newspaper article. Try to guess the meaning of the unknown words. Hello, John, Got a New Moniker? Fresh research into naming patterns in the Middle Ages shows that 35 per cent of men in were called John. The dominance of a handful of names was so strong that more than half of men and boys were named John or William. A further quarter was divided between Thomas, Richard and Robert. The supremacy of John persisted for centuries.
He was knocked from the top spot by William only in the 19th century. The name first became popular among the upper classes after a religious revival in the early 13th century when John the Baptist became a favourite saint.
Today they account for around churches. The name spread to the lower classes because children tended to be named not by their parents but by their godfathers, usually the local landowner. Once the name became established it proliferated and remained in families as traditions changed and boys were named after their fathers. In it was at number 25 and ten years later number By it was no longer in the top They conjured up a rather middle-aged image and fell out of fashion.
The name also filtered into surnames, creating Joneses and Johnsons. Names were at their most diverse in the late s, but hundreds were eradicated as the Saxon custom of giving each child a unique name was replaced by Norman traditions, under which children could share the same first name but would be distinguished by a surname.
Other now common names nearly became extinct in the Middle Ages. In the poll tax records there were no mentions of Charles, Arthur or Leonard, which had been commonplace in the 13th century. Arthur resurfaced in the s when there was a revival of the Arthurian legend. The story of the Knights of the Round Table was also responsible for a regional outcrop of Lancelots in the s.
Other names strictly limited to regions include Digory, named after Degare, the son of a Breton princess, which was confined to Cornwall and Devon. Robson was overwhelmingly popular in Durham and Northumberland. Academics have long assumed that Mary was the female equivalent of John and enjoyed dominance throughout the Middle Ages. However, despite ranking first from until the 18th century and beyond, it was ranked 49th in the 14th century poll tax records behind now extinct names such as Godelena and Helwise.
The name Mariot was three times as popular in The Times, March 11 c. Read aloud the underlined sentences and translate them. Can you give any examples of Russian famous people with the name «Иван»?
What can you say about the situation with the name «Иван» in our country? What about other male and female names? How can you explain it? Where is Scotland situated? What is the capital of Scotland? Show the United Kingdom and Scotland with its capital on the map. Pronounce the words. Read the text, study the map of Scotland. Geography In area, Scotland is more than half as big as England.
Besides the mainland, it includes several islands, the Hebrides, Orkneys and Shetlands. The highest mountains are the Grampians, which include Ben Nevis. The chief rivers are the Forth and the Clyde. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh; the chief centre of commerce and industry is Glasgow, on the Clyde. Regions Since , the mainland of Scotland has been divided into 9 regions.
But another division is well-known: the Border country which is close to England , the Lowlands the relatively flat region of central Scotland with about three quarters of the population and the Highlands with a harsh climate, which include the highest mountains, the wildest lochs and most of the islands. The Highlanders consider themselves superior to the Lowlanders.
The Lowlands are densely populated and heavily industrialized. The Highlands, on the contrary, are sparsely populated and devoted to crofting. History First Scotland was inhabited mainly by the Picts. In the 9th century the Scots and Picts were united into a kingdom called Scotia in medieval Latin , and fought the Vikings.
The monarchy which existed at that time in England threatened Scottish independence — English tried to conquer Scotland throughout the Middle Ages. In the Act of Union was passed under which Scotland and England became a united part, but the Scots kept their own legal system, religion and administrative systems and still keep them now. It still has her own law and lawcourts, her own banks and banknotes and her own system of education. Scotland has no Parliament of its own, but has a number of seats in the United Kingdom Parliament.
Every village has a kirk. Population, language Its population is only one eighth as great as that of England and is a little over 5 million people.
The inhabitants of Scotland, especially the Highlanders, are originally Celts. The few thousand Scots who live by the lonely lochs lakes still speak Scottish Gaelic, an ancient Celtic language, with a variety of regional accents. There are many words and phrases, which are peculiar to Scottish use thus maintaining national distinctness. Many Scottish people still use some Scottish words when they speak English.
Find the phrases with the following meaning in the text. What Russian traditions do you know? Do you know any Scottish traditions? Read and translate the underlined sentences in the text.
Scotland is a land of tartans and fine whisky, of romantic castles and the melodies of bagpipes. The history and atmosphere of Scotland as well as the character of its people have been expertly portrayed by such famous Scottish writers as Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, Robert Louis Stevenson and Archibald Cronin.
Every year on January 25 a celebration called Burns Night is held. In spring and summer many towns hold cultural festivals. Summer is also the season for Highland Gatherings Highland games — a traditional annual festival of Scottish sports and music held at a centre in the Highlands. Scottish people like to dance very much. Glasgow has more dancing schools than any other European city.
The kilt, a knee-length-pleated skirt worn by men is made of the material with a squared, coloured design and is called tartan. The kilt is worn with a tweed jacket, plain long socks, a beret and a leather sporran, that is a pouch hanging from a narrow belt round the hips. Every Scotsman belongs to a clan. There are about different clans. Campbell and Cameron are other common surnames.
We can, however, trace the origins of the instrument back thousands of years to the ancient city of Ur, the home of Abraham, and also to ancient Egypt.
In both places simple reed1 pipes have been found that are viewed by scholars2 as forerunners of the modern bagpipe. But at what time and by whom the air bag was added is not known. In the Bible book of Daniel, written more than years before the birth of Jesus Christ, six Babylonian musical instruments are specifically mentioned. Although we cannot be sure what this ancient Babylonian instrument was like, it probably resembled one of the bagpipes still found in the Orient.
Records3 reveal that in Persia Iran , India, and China, bagpipes were used in various forms, some of which still exist.
Roman Emperor Nero, during his reign in the first century C. By what route did the bagpipe come to Britain? It is known that about B.
Roman infantry had their pipers, but whether the Romans introduced a bagpipe following their conquest of the British Isles in 43 C. If you visit Scotland today and chance to hear the sound of the Highland bagpipe echoing through the glens6, you will agree it is an experience not easily forgotten. Read the text, write out some key-words or key-phrases that will help you to tell about these traditions. Choose a tradition from the text and tell about it. Have we got similar Russian traditions?
Make up a dialogue: you are speaking about traditions. One of you tells about some Russian traditions, the other — about the Scottish ones. Try and find out any information about other Scottish traditions and tell about them. Study all the information about Edinburgh. Study the map of Wales. Geography Its surface is largely mountainous, with the highest peak at Snowdon.
The sheep provide wool for local weaving industries, and the wood is used for beautiful hand-made furniture. At present the capital is Cardiff.
History Wales began with the Anglo-Saxon victories in the 6th and 7th centuries, which isolated the Welsh from the rest of their fellow-Britons. Until the 11th century the Vikings made frequent raids on the coast. Then came the Normans in spite of strong resistance of the Welsh.
The subjection of the people was completed by Edward I who in after defeating the native prince of Wales, made his own son, afterwards Edward II, the first Prince of Wales. But frequent wars and rebellions against the English continued into the fifteenth century. In Wales was brought into the English system of national and local governments by an Act of Union.
Population, language The population totals about 3 million people. This part of Britain is almost a separate nation, with its own language, music, and Celtic culture. Welsh and English are both official languages. The Welsh people are originally Celts, and many of their traditions date back to the pre-Christian times of the Celts and the Druid religion. The Celtic people were short, strong and dark-haired. They had a reputation of being good fighters.
How do the Welsh call their country? What does it mean?
Find the English equivalents in the text. Ask questions to the text about Wales. Let your groupmates answer your questions. Translate the sentences. Поверхность Уэльса гористая.
Высочайший пик Уэльса — Сноудон. В году Уэльс был объединен с Англией. Население страны насчитывает около трех миллионов человек.
Валлийский и английский — официальные языки. Валлийцы по происхождению кельты. Translate the underlined sentences in the text. Traditions There is no other part of the British Isles where national spirit is stronger, national pride more intense or national traditions more cherished than in Wales. It attracts Welsh people from all over the world. Usually, only Welsh is spoken and in recent years they have attracted people who wish to protest against the influence of English on the Welsh language and culture.
That is why Welsh people in villages often call people by their jobs together with their family names. Then everybody knows which Jones or which Williams they are speaking about. This may come from the River Taff, which runs through Cardiff. Rugby is the national game of Wales. Who is the Prince of Wales now?
Where is he crowned? What do people do at Eisteddfod? When is it held? Divide into three groups: the Scots, the Welsh and the Russians. You are speaking about your countries history, traditions, geography. Each group tells about the advantages of its country. Geography There is an old Irish saying that Ireland must be the cleanest place in the world, because God washes it every day.
Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle because of its beautiful green fields. Northern Ireland occupies northeastern part of the island. Northern Ireland is a unique region within the United Kingdom, for in addition to economic problems similar to those seen in other national outlying regions, there are political divisions, which reflect the unsettled Irish issue.
At present Northern Ireland in the political sense comprises six counties of Ulster, which was one of the four provinces of ancient Ireland. Three other provinces of Ulster form part of the Irish Republic.
Population totals 1,5 million people. History In the Anglo-Norman conquest of Ireland began. Frequent and fierce rebellions took place. In early seventeenth century English and Scottish Protestants were sent by kings to settle among Catholics in Northern Ireland. Protestants of Ulster chose union with Britain.
There were still native Irish kings of parts of Ireland. And so by trying to force Irish Catholics to become Anglican and by taking a lot of their land, Henry began the two lasting problems of Anglo-Irish relations — religion and land. What he started was continued by his daughter Elizabeth I.
Ulster was an especially difficult area to bring under her rule. Ulster soon had more Protestants than Catholics. Religion separated the planters and native Irishmen. The Scottish planters were Presbyterians, a form of Protestantism, and they were deeply suspicious of Catholics and Catholicism.
But they brought with them their own laws and customs, relation to land, which encouraged greater social stability and economic growth. The Scots also placed great emphasis on education and hard work, and they were good at business. Nevertheless the Irish continued to fight for independence and in after a mass uprising Great Britain was forced to grant independence to the south.
It is completely separate and independent from Britain and Northern Ireland, and its government is in the capital city, Dublin.
In there was rioting in Northern Ireland between Catholics and Protestants. By the hostility between the two groups was so bad that Britain suspended the Northern Irish Parliament at Stormont and sent in the British army to keep peace. The soldiers were welcomed at first by the Catholics as protectors from Protestant violence, but when the army began house-to-house searches of Catholic areas for men with guns, the welcome soon turned to bitterness. There have been many deaths since In addition, many British soldiers were killed.
Both the Protestant and the Catholic communities have illegal secret armies fighting a bloody war. Both these organizations want to achieve a united Ireland by violent means, but they are condemned today by the government of the Irish Republic. Give the English equivalents of the words. Изумрудный остров, нерешенный ирландский вопрос, в политическом смысле, завоевание, сопротивление, подавить сопротивление , колонизация, колонизатор, социальная стабильность стабильность в обществе , экономический рост, делать особое ударение уделять большое внимание , массовое восстание, даровать независимость, быть в меньшинстве, равные возможности, «кровавое воскресенье», открыть огонь.
Find the sentences with the words above in the text and translate them from English into Russian. Show on the map. Divide the text into several parts and give names to each of them.
What part of the island of Ireland belongs to the United Kingdom? What is the majority religion in the Republic of Ireland? What is the majority religion in the United Kingdom and, consequently in Northern Ireland? What is the problem in Northern Ireland? Make a plan to retell the texts. Speak on the Irish problem. Make up a dialogue: a catholic and a protestant of Northern Ireland touch upon their religious problem. British history is very rich in events and names. Study the information.
Ancient times 6th — 3rd centuries B. The Celts invade Britain 1st — 5th centuries A. Britain is a Roman province 55 B.
Julius Caesar lands in Britain A. Study the most important events of the British history. Choose a period of the British history and tell your groupmates about it. Roman times During the period from the 6th to the 3rd century B. Several Celtic tribes invaded and settled in Britain. At the end of the 1st century B.
It was a slave society with 2 main classes: the slaves and the slave-owners. The Romans remained in Britain for about four centuries and during that time Britain was a Roman province governed by Roman governors and protected by Roman legions.
As a result of that, signs of Roman civilization spread over Britain. There had been no towns in Britain before the Romans conquered it. The civilized Romans began to build towns, roads, bridges, splendid villas, public baths as in Rome itself. York, Gloucester, Lincoln and London became the chief Roman towns.
The town of Bath became famous for its hot springs. Among the Celts there appeared some nobility — the tribal chiefs became richer than other members of the tribes. Early in the 5th century the Roman legions were recalled from Britain to defend the central provinces. They did not return to Britain, and the Celts were left alone on the land.
It took them more than years to conquer the country. The resistance of the Celts was very strong. The last refuge for them was Cornwall and the mountainous districts of Wales and Scotland where later on some independent states were formed. By the end of the 6th century several kingdoms were formed on the territory of Great Britain Sussex, Wessex, Essex, Northumbria, Mercia which were hostile to one another.
As a result of the conquest the Anglo-Saxons made up the majority of the population in Britain and their languages became predominant.
In the course of time all the people of Britain were referred to as the English after the Angles and the new name of England was given to the whole country.
The Anglo-Saxon language, or English, has been principal since then. Before that the Angles, Saxons and Jutes had been pagans. They believed in many gods, worshiped the sun and the moon, the sea, trees and other pagan gods.
The monks landed in Kent and it became the first Anglo-Saxon kingdom to be converted. The first Church was built in the town of Canterbury, the capital of Kent that is why the Archbishop of Canterbury became Head of the Church of England.
Then Christianity spread among the Anglo-Saxons of the other kingdoms. Christianity brought about important changes in the life of the Anglo-Saxons. It helped the growth of culture in Britain. Monasteries became centres of knowledge and learning in those early times. The first libraries and schools were set up in monasteries. Fill in the table with names of those who came to the British land and their influence.
John Lackland, his brother, was ruling in his stead. Richard was a poet, he became a hero of legends after his death. It was under John that the great contract between the king and his vassals was signed in It was called Magna Carta and it meant great changes in the feudal system.
The power of the king was limited. In spite of the contract the king and the barons lived in conflict for a few decades, which led to a civil war. And under these circumstances the first English parliament was summoned.
The initial function of Parliament was to tell leading people of towns what new taxes to expect. In the course of time Parliament became a fiscal body responsible for taxation. In the course of the 14th century Parliament took its modern shape: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
The 1st Parliament was represented by the knights. The rioters killed the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Treasurer who had proposed the hateful poll-tax. The King promised to abolish feudal dues, anti-labour laws and privileges for the titled nobility and establish freedom of trade for all towns and free pardon for all the participants in the revolt.
The two most powerful feudal families struggled with each other: the house of Lancaster, which had the emblem of the red rose and the house of York with the emblem of the white rose.
Hatred of everything Catholic became an important political force. Colonial expansion. The Tudors, especially Queen Elisabeth assisted merchants and sea-pirates. The war with Spain. The Spanish Armada was defeated by the English.
The first links were established with Russia. The country was thrown into a civil war. In the royalists were defeated by the parliamentary army led by Oliver Cromwell. Charles was captured and beheaded in for treason.
Cromwell and his government were even more severe than King Charles. Parliament was dissolved in and from this time Britain was governed by Cromwell alone. He had far greater power than King Charles had had. After his death the republic collapsed and Charles II was invited to return to his kingdom.
Appearance of the 1st political parties in Britain. They were afraid of catholic faith and of absolute monarchy.
These 2 parties became the basis of the 2-party parliamentary system of government. British factories were producing more than any other country in the world. Towns and cities grew rapidly. The Chartist movement In workers were allowed to join together in unions. Their aim was to make sure employers paid reasonable wages. All these demands were refused by the House of Commons. The Chartists flourished around — Taking of land, the creation of colonies.
Britain led wars with Russia, modern Pakistan, northwest India. It defended its interests by keeping ships of its navy in the oceans of the world. Britain succeeded in taking most land in Africa, it had ambitions in Egypt, it bought a large number of shares in the Suez Canal Company.
Many people settled in Canada, Australia, New Zealand. The white colonies were soon allowed to govern themselves and no longer depended on Britain. By the end of the 19th century Britain controlled the oceans and much of the land areas of the world.
The colonies were too expensive to keep, they became a heavy load and in the 20th century they began to demand their freedom.
By the end of the century it had become clear that Britain was no longer as powerful as it had been. Germany and the USA began to compete with Britain. They produced more iron, coal. Britain was behind in science and technology. It realized that it no longer ruled the world and that others had more powerful armies and more powerful industry. Period Century, year Event Exercise Find out newspaper articles or episodes in books connected or describing the events of the British history.
Where does the State Opening of Parliament take place? Who was the Crown made for? Where do they carry the Crown? What is one more Royal regalia? What precious stones decorate the Crown? When can one see the Crown? Who was the Royal Coach built for? Who is represented in the House of Lords? When were the Royal Thrones made? What is the function of the Black Rod? When and why did the Black Rod appear in the House of Lords?
What does the Speaker sit on? What does it symbolize? Read and translate it into Russian. Baked Beans — 1. Baked beans are a favourite food of many children in Britain.
Cab — 1. Cooked breakfast — in Britain a breakfast consisting of cooked food, usu. It is usu. Ferry also ferryboat — a boat that goes across a river or any other esp. New Forest — an area with many oak and beech trees in Hampshire, Southern England.
Many people spend holidays there, riding horses or walking in the woods. Punt — a long narrow flat-bottomed river boat with square ends, moved by someone standing on it and pushing a long pole against the bottom of the river. Stand—up comedian — a comedian telling jokes standing up. Swimming bath BrE — a public swimming pool, usu.
Read and explain it in English. Виндзора, где в июне проходят ежегодные четырехдневные скачки, являющиеся важным событием в жизни английской аристократии. Boots [bu:ts] 1 аптека Бута кроме аптекарских товаров, продает некоторые предметы домашнего обихода, канцелярские принадлежности, книги и грампластинки; такие однотипные аптеки принадлежат компании «Бутс» 2 фармацевтическая компания; выпускает и продает через широкую сеть собственных аптек и магазинов аптекарские товары, предметы личной гигиены и косметики, а также некоторые предметы домашнего обихода.
Цель игры — разрушить бросками мяча [bowl] калитку [wicket] команды соперника и таким образом вывести из игры противника. Игроки другой команды, стоя перед калиткой, по очереди отбивают битой [bat] мяч как можно дальше, чтобы набрать больше очков.
Отдаленно напоминает русскую лапту. Известна с середины 18 в. Шекспира [William Shakespeare, — ]; ряд зданий связан с его жизнью и деятельностью; на берегу р. Find out some other information about British Realities. Tell the class about them. What famous people do you know? What are they famous for?
Read these facts. William Shakespeare — Shakespeare was born on St. He was the eldest son and third child of his parents. In his childhood he studied for 6 years in a grammar school. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway and had three children. At 21 he left for London where he worked in a theatre and became famous as an actor and later as a playwright. He wrote dramas, comedies, poems and sonnets. When he became successful in London he bought the biggest house in Stratford.
Although he was trained as a jeweller he began early to paint; and it seems probable that as an oil painter he was largely self-taught. He had a natural gift for bold and vigorous modelling, and he very rapidly established a personal style and a local reputation. In Raeburn married Anne Leslie, a widow of independent means. In he went to Rome, returning to Edinburgh in Raeburn worked directly on the canvas without making preliminary drawings or studies.
Raeburn established a steady practice at his studio in York Place, Edinburgh. In he considered moving to London but decided against it.
In he became president of the Society of Artists of Edinburgh and was subsequently elected to the Royal Academy. In he became a full academician, and on the occasion of the visit of George IV to Edinburgh in he was knighted. Divide into two groups. One group prepares a school lesson about William Shakespeare find out additional information , the other one — about Henry Raeburn. Find out information and make reports about other famous British people.
What French holidays do you know? What British holidays do you know? Look through the calendar of special British occasions. Cards are also sent. In some villages the custom of dancing round the maypole is acted out. Because this is seven weeks after Easter, the date varied.
This fixed holiday has replaced it. Certain public ceremonies are performed on this day. However, this day is observed much more energetically in the USA than it is in Britain. On and before this day, money is collected in the street on behalf of charities for ex-servicemen and women.
The people who donate money are given paper poppies to pin to their clothes. No politician would be seen on this day without a poppy! One is that it was the day on which landowners and householders would present their tenants and servants with gifts in boxes , another is that it was the day on which the collecting boxes in churches were opened and the contents distributed to the poor. Which of these holidays are there in Russia? Which of these holidays are celebrated in France?
Look through the holidays. Divide into groups, choose one of the holidays and present it to the rest of the group include some vocabulary and exercises. You can find out and add some details to it. As at Hogmanay, a special meal of haggis, potatoes and turnip is eaten, washed down by lots of whisky! The haggis is carried into the dining room behind a piper wearing traditional dress.
He then reads a poem written especially for the haggis! In England it is a time for the giving and receiving of presents which traditionally take the form of an Easter egg, for the Easter Bonnet Parade and hot cross buns. Nowadays Easter eggs are usually made of chocolate, but the old custom of dyeing or painting eggshells is still maintained in some country districts. It is the largest May Queen Festival in Britain and over a thousand children take part. The date is the second Saturday in May.
The procession forms up in the village about 1. The actual crowning takes place at about 3 p. As many as forty May Queens from different parts of the country are present, and with their attendants present a colourful spectacle. The Festival has been held since Edinburgh Festival August is festival time in Edinburgh.
The population of the capital city of Scotland is set to double this month as tourists and performers flock1 in from all over the world. It is the huge range and number of artistic events, performances and exhibitions happening throughout the city which makes Edinburgh unforgettable.
Everything from theatres to circuses, orchestras to book-readings, stand-up comedy2 to experimental dance is featured on the programme, making the festival the largest celebration of the arts anywhere in the world — it is listed as such in The Guinness Book of Records. Other cities have great festivals, but nowhere else can you get the same breadth4 of cultural experience in a single place.
The event began in with the first Edinburgh International Festival as a stage for peace and unity in Europe after the Second World War. When the two-minute silence is over, members of the Royal Family or their representatives and political leaders come forward to lay wreaths at the foot of the Cenotaph. Then comes the march past the memorial of ex-servicemen and women, followed by an endless line of ordinary citizens who have come here with their personal wreaths and their sad memories.
On that day artificial poppies, a symbol of mourning, are traditionally sold in the streets everywhere, and people wear them in their button-holes. The money collected in this way is later used to help the men who had been crippled during the war and their dependants. Discuss the points. Say what matters to you and what matters to most people in your opinion. What recommendations can you make? Read the extract. The theatre London offers playgoing in its most exciting, comfortable and inexpensive form.
At least forty plays or musicals are always running and all but the top two or three hits have available seats up to five minutes of curtain time, which is 7. My idea of a London vacation is to see a play a night. In fact, if you are extreme theatre buffs you can hustle to as many as three plays in one day in London.
We did it by eating sandwiches at numerous intermissions throughout the day and evening sandwiches and tea are sold in most London theatres , and by then taxiing to the next theatre in the five-or-so minutes between performances.
Try to avoid buying your tickets at brokers. And do use the half-price ticket offerings of the Leicester Square Theatre Ticket Booth in a Jack-and-Judy-puppet-show-type structure in the park area of the square.
This is one of the top tourist attractions of London: hundreds and hundreds of single men and women on a Saturday night , flashing colored lights, a famous revolving globe of light-reflecting mirrors, continuous bands on a revolving stage. The action extends from 8 p. Sunday hours are 8 p. Closed Sunday. What do the following words and expressions mean? Mark the following statements T true or F false , according to what is said or implied in the extract. Decide these questions as a group. Note down the evidence for your answer.
Choose one or more of the following aims: to entertain to warn to inform to advertise to complain to recommend to express a personal point of view - Have you found any of the information in the extract useful? Would you like to do what he does? What is a British pub? How do you imagine it? Watch a video episode about pubs in London to realize better what it is. Compare the pub and the Russian beer bar.
Have they got anything in common? What is the difference? Look through the words from the text below. Write out or formulate the main idea of each paragraph. Time for a drink: the British pubs The British pub exercises a special fascination for foreigners. In fact it is so popular that many imitations exist around the world, some relatively successful, others less so. Public houses date back to the inns and taverns of the Middle Ages, places where local people met and where travellers stayed.
They have always been characterised by conviviality, intimacy and an egalitarian atmosphere. It was made from barley, hops and pure water and required storage at a constant cool temperature.
It was not refrigerated and contained no carbon dioxide gas. To those used to drinking refrigerated lager, real ale can taste flat, warm and weak. To many British, it is the only beer with real taste. It was stored in metal barrels under pressure. It was easier for the manufacturer and for the publican who served the beer to the customer.
But it did not compare with the real thing. In so doing they destroyed an essential appeal of many pubs, their individuality. They also tried to improve efficiency and reduce the number of staff required to serve drinks.
It was only to saloon bars that women were taken until the greater social liberalisation of the s. Pubs, it should be noted, are still essentially male preserves. Although the days are long past when a woman entering a pub alone was disapproved of, there are still a few pubs particularly in socially conservative areas where women are not welcome, and it is still true that men use pubs far more than do women.
The impact of big brewery control, therefore, is primarily twofold. The quality of the beer has gone down, and large open rooms have replaced two or three less efficient but more cosy rooms, thereby destroying the intimacy which made pubs attractive.
The pubs owned by big breweries have also tried to concentrate on a particular clientele. In particular they have tried to appeal to younger people in their twenties.
This was not a new development. Many pubs were known for their special character. For example in socially mixed parts of town one pub might be proudly working class and another might attract middle-class people. In Kilburn in London where a large Irish community exists a number of pubs had a strong Irish character.
Some pubs have become favoured by particular sub-cultures: motorbikers, students, and so forth. Today an increasing number of pubs serve food, and coffee or tea as well as alcoholic drinks. Food, which accounted for only 10 per cent of profits in now accounts for more like 30 per cent. Providing good cheap food is now an important source of profit. The best also, even if they attract people from far and wide, still rely on a reliable local clientele who give the pub its basic atmosphere.
The worst pubs remain impersonal and only serve mass-produced food, which is often more expensive and less tasty than homemade fare.
The greatest threat to pub quality by the mids was the noise of loud music, making conversation harder with a counterfeit atmosphere of conviviality. It is also in the pub that people are usually unafraid to express their views, whether these conform to traditional British characteristics of understatement and moderation or whether they reflect a new stridency. For anyone interested in understanding Britain better, the pub is not a bad place to start.
Choose a paragraph. Let your groupmates answer your questions; - put right and wrong statements to your paragraph and ask your groupmates to say if they are true or false; - retell your paragraph. Do women in Russia attend beer bars? Is it a usual thing? What is the attitude of men to women attending beer bars? Look through the information. Divide into 5 groups.
Choose one episode and present it in class comparing with the reality of any country to your choice Russia, France, etc. The family In comparison with most other places in the world, family identity is rather weak in Britain, especially in England. Of course, the family unit is still the basic living arrangement for most people. But in Britain this definitely means the nuclear family.
There is little sense of extended family identity, except among some racial minorities. This is reflected in the size and composition of households.
It is unusual for adults of different generations within the family to live together. The average number of people living in each household in Britain is lower than in most other European countries.
The proportion of elderly people living alone is high. Significant family events such as weddings, births and funerals are not automatically accompanied by large gatherings of people. But for most people these appointments are of sentimental significance only. They do not imply lifelong responsibility.
In fact, family gatherings of any kind beyond the household unit are rare. For most people, they are confined to the Christmas period. Even the stereotyped nuclear family of father, mother and children is becoming less common. Britain has a higher rate of divorce than anywhere else in Europe except Denmark and the proportion of children born outside marriage has risen dramatically and is also one of the highest about a third of all births.
However, these trends do not necessarily mean that the nuclear family is disappearing. In addition, it is notable that about three-quarters of all births outside marriage are officially registered by both parents and more than half of the children concerned are born to parents who are living together at the time.
The love of nature Most of the British live in towns and cities. But they have an idealized vision of the countryside. To the British, the countryside has almost none of the negative associations, which it has in some countries, such as poor facilities, lack of educational opportunities, unemployment and poverty.
To them, the countryside means peace and quiet, beauty, good health and no crime. Most of them would live in a country village if they thought that they could find a way of earning a living there.
Nearby, there would be a pond with ducks on it. Nowadays such a village is not actually very common, but it is a stereotypical picture that is well-known to the British.
Perhaps this love of the countryside is another aspect of British conservatism. The countryside represents stability. Maps can be bought which mark, in great detail, the routes of all the public footpaths in the country. Walkers often stay at youth hostels. Their hostels are cheap and rather self-consciously bare and simple.
There are more than of them around the country, most of them in the middle of nowhere! They grow plants. Gardening is one of the most popular hobbies in the country. Even those unlucky people who do not have a garden can participate. Each local authority owns several areas of land, which it rents very cheaply to these people in small parcels. The love of animals Rossendale Pet Cemetery in Lancashire is just one example of an animal graveyard in Britain. It was started by a local farmer who ran over his dog with a tractor.
He was so upset that he put up a headstone in memory of his dog. Now, Rossendale has thousands of graves and plots for caskets of ashes, with facilities for every kind of animal. Many people are prepared to pay quite large sums of money to give their pets a decent burial a trait they share with many Americans. As this example shows, the British tend to have a sentimental attitude to animals.
Nearly half of the households in Britain keep at least one domestic pet. Moreover, the status of pets is taken seriously. It is, for example, illegal to run over a dog with your car and then keep on driving.
You have to stop and inform the owner. But the love of animals goes beyond sentimental attachment to domestic pets. Wildlife programmes are by far the most popular kind of television documentary.
